Image via Wikipedia
When a company or an individual buys something at a low price only to sell it at a higher price, this is known as arbitrage. For most people, arbitrage might only mean buying prepackaged food items in bulk and later selling them for a tidy profit per unit. However, for large companies, this arbitrage can result in incredible profits, as the markups can become very high due to sweeping economies of scale.
Since free trade is the general rule for most of the world, governments rarely intervene when it comes to arbitraging resources. A company may procure a number of units of a product or other resource, and then sell these units at a markup somewhere else in the country or the world. The reason the company is able to make a profit on these items is because they assume a level of risk in transporation, and because they facilitate a great deal of convenience for the end consumers of the goods they transport.











